Citing Distance

The suggested citation for all versions of Distance is:

Thomas, L., S.T. Buckland, E.A. Rexstad, J. L. Laake, S. Strindberg, S. L. Hedley, J. R.B. Bishop, T. A. Marques, and K. P. Burnham. 2010. Distance software: design and analysis of distance sampling surveys for estimating population size.  Journal of Applied Ecology 47: 5-14. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01737.x

The article is Open Acess and so freely available to all; electronic copies may be downloaded from:

• British Ecological Society site:
  • Abstract and links to HTML and PDF versions of paper
  • Direct link to PDF
• University of St Andrews digital research repository:
  • Abstract and link to PDF version of paper
  • Direct link to PDF

We suggest in your write-ups, you be explicit about the version and release number of Distance you used, since results may vary between versions.  For example, you might write in a methods section: “Analyses were carried out using Distance 6.0 release 2 (Thomas et al. 2010)” where the citation lists the above paper.